Some Gentoo packages provide a special 9999 version; by convention, the ebuild that bears the 9999 version is a live ebuild, which builds the package from its “live” sources in the project’s version control system (VCS) repository – e.g. a Git repository – instead of “non-live” sources in a .zip or a .tar.* archive. The project’s sources in the VCS repository are usually subject to frequent changes due to development activities, hence they are “live”. …
When Apple launched Macs with Apple silicon, people speculated that a revolution in desktop computing had started. I saw on Reddit a GNU/Linux user claimed that GNU/Linux distributions should start to worry about the potential transition from x86-64 to ARM64 and do something about it to survive. What they might have not realized was that common software packages that constitute GNU/Linux had been long prepared for ARM64 thanks to portability of high-level programming languages. The power houses built by Apple would not necessarily threaten GNU/Linux but instead set up a wider stage for it. Thanks to the Asahi Linux project’s efforts, it is now possible to exploit an Apple silicon-based Mac’s performance by running GNU/Linux on it. After seeing it for myself, I think the project is very promising in making Apple silicon-based Macs a worthy choice for GNU/Linux users. …
This collection is a tutorial which provides instructions to set up LUKS2-based full disk encryption on a Gentoo system using GRUB as the bootloader and systemd as the init system. In particular, setting up LUKS2 for use with GRUB is especially tricky, and this tutorial addresses any intricacies there.
This tutorial aims to support both new Gentoo installations and existing ones, so it can be used to encrypt an unencrypted system too. …
Gentoo offers its users a wide array of Linux kernel packages in the sys-kernel/* category, each of which may install the kernel in a different way. In particular, the sys-kernel/*-sources packages (such as sys-kernel/gentoo-sources, sys-kernel/vanilla-sources) install only the kernel’s source code and do nothing else. This is suitable for users who prefer to compile and install the kernel on their own but still would like to let the system package manager update the kernel sources automatically. …
This article covers some information that can help perfect a Gentoo installation on Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL) to maximize its performance, improve its interoperability with Windows, and even unlock new system capabilities.
Originally, I had been planning to write a full Gentoo on WSL installation tutorial during September of the last year, but that tutorial was only halfway done before I had to move on for something more important in my real life, which is why I have disappeared from my personal site for almost another half of year (though you could find my development activities on GitHub if you looked at my profile). Now that I can enjoy a short break with some peace of mind, I have decided to at least complete that tutorial. But before I started, I happened to search for “Gentoo WSL” on Google out of curiosity. While I had been away, there was a new Gentoo in WSL article on Gentoo Wiki originally created on November 24, 2021. That article already covers the bulk of what I wanted to mention in my tutorial in a very concise way, and it is easy to find thanks to the fact that it is on Gentoo Wiki, thus I could no longer see the value of repeating the identical things in lengthy and verbose paragraphs on my personal site. …
As this year’s GSoC has come and gone, it is time to compile a retrospective of all the work I have done for my GSoC project. In a nutshell, the bulk of my project was executed as I had planned in my original project proposal; some additional deliverables and enhancements not outlined in the original plan were made, while a few planned and relatively trivial deliverables were cut due to time constraints. …
Common package managers implement the concept of software repositories to allow the set of packages installable from the package manager to be expanded. On Fedora, there is RPM Fusion and Copr repositories created and maintained by users. Arch Linux users are fond of the AUR, the canonical repository for user-submitted packages. On Gentoo, there is GURU, which is kind of like Gentoo’s equivalent of AUR, but it is just the tip of the iceberg of packages that are not in the official Gentoo ebuild repository (::gentoo). There are various testing overlays maintained by projects and development teams of Gentoo and repositories for out-of-tree ebuilds, like ::gnome, ::java, and ::science, let alone plenty of user personal overlays, like the Spark overlay I have been working on for example. …
Dependency is a concept that appears often in software engineering. In the previous article for my GSoC project, I discussed build systems and package managers, both of which apply the concept of dependencies. A build system usually allows programmers to define different tasks in building a project and let each of them depend on other tasks, hence dependency relationships are established. A package manager supports declaration of package dependency relationships, or else it is not a good package manager. This article focuses on the latter, which is dependency relationships among packages. …
An initial and successful attempt to create source-based Kotlin packages on Gentoo
Since the last blog post regarding my GSoC project was posted, I moved on to the next part of the project: improvements on the Kotlin ebuilds in the Spark overlay created during last year’s GSoC, namely dev-java/kotlin-common-bin and dev-lang/kotlin-bin. As shown by the -bin suffix in the packages’ names, these are packages that simply install the Kotlin library and compiler binary JARs pre-built by the upstream instead of build those artifacts from source like how the vast majority of Gentoo packages do and how Gentoo’s guidelines propose. At first, I thought it would be hard to build Kotlin from source on Gentoo with Portage, so I did not make any plan to create separate versions of those packages without the -bin suffix. Coincidentally, I discovered a possible way to work around Portage’s limitations that would prevent Kotlin from being built from source, so I immediately started to conduct experiments on building Kotlin libraries from source within Portage. The experiment results were promising, therefore I decided to spend some time working on this and eventually created ebuilds that can build Kotlin core libraries from source with a success. In this post, I will cover possible challenges in building a project like the Kotlin programming language on Gentoo, how my method of building it on Gentoo was accidentally discovered, and how the final ebuilds were produced. …
As of now, the Gentoo Handbook, which is the official Gentoo installation guide, mainly focuses on steps to install a system based on OpenRC instead of systemd. After all, as a project mainly maintained by Gentoo developers, it would be a surprise if Gentoo did not introduce OpenRC as the distribution’s init system with primary support. For people who want to use systemd on Gentoo, the Handbook does include some instructions in itself, but it sometimes asks the users to refer to the standalone systemd article too. In my opinion, that article is very comprehensive but is not well organized: steps that should be performed during the installation process scatter around the entire article, making it easy to miss required steps. Therefore, this article is created as my effort to come up with a clear and working procedure for getting systemd to work on Gentoo. …
Getting a perfect GNOME configuration on Gentoo is not hard but is tricky. In other words, it would be a piece of cake once you have done it, but it is not easy to get it right with only one shot for the first time. The GNOME Guide on Gentoo Wiki is a good resource and is enough for a barely functional GNOME installation, but there are plenty of rooms for improvements, like removing the authentication dialog when modifying network settings, and enabling Wayland screen sharing in web browsers like Google Chrome. …
For many free software projects, there is usually some delay between the initial annoucement of a bug fix or an enhancement and the moment when you finally get the software update that ships it. As a user, you need to wait for the patch to get reviewed and accepted by the project, wait for the change to be tested and integrated, wait for the new version containing the change to be released by the upstream, and finally, wait for your distribution to ship the new release. Suppose there is a bug fix that will be included in the upcoming GNOME 40 release, which will probably be available in March 2021. If you are using Fedora Workstation, you must wait until the end of April to get that bug fix with Fedora 34. For Gentoo users, I would not expect the arrival of that bug fix until the second half of this year, because all recent GNOME updates took about half a year to land in Gentoo. …
It has been six weeks since I published the last post on this site. Myriad new topics and ideas to write about have accumulated in my drafts for new articles, but I was too busy to find enough time for converting them into high-quality articles I have been endeavored to deliver. Now, as I finally have got some free time, I want to talk about one of the things I did during the past period: trying out Gentoo, a source-based GNU/Linux distribution famous for letting its users compile almost every component of the operating system, including the Linux kernel. …